What is remarkable about the date February 17 — RealnoeVremya.com
What is remarkable about the date February 17
Today, February 17, is the World Information Management Day, in Russia – a holiday of student teams, as well as service – fuel of the Armed Forces. Giordano Bruno, the Hermitage was opened to the public in St. Petersburg, the Russian Emperor Alexander II survived the fifth unsuccessful assassination attempt, the Voice of America radio began to broadcast in Russian, China began the war with Vietnam, the founders of Gazprom are in our country. Born: Russian revolutionary Pyotr Schmidt, German and American physicist Otto Stern, Soviet poet Agniya Barto, Romanian composer Alfred Mendelssohn, Soviet and Armenian intelligence officer Gevork Vartanyan. Died: French playwright Moliere, Belgian mathematician, astronomer Adolf Quetelet, German poet Heinrich Heine, Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal Pavel Batitsky, Russian poet, musician Alexander Bashlachev. Read more in the review of Realnoe Vremya.
Butlerov’s big report in Paris, the Renaissance Foundation and the world’s largest Koran
February 17 1858 chemist, young professor of Kazan University Alexander Butlerov, sent to France, made a report at the Paris Chemical Society, where he first outlined his ideas about the construction of matter. The statement says that the radicals should be considered not only organic groups, but also groupings such as OH and NH2, that is, inclusions of atoms characteristic of various application classes, which later became known as functional groups. Butlerov was the first to use the term “structure” itself, which has unique properties of the molecular structure of methane, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and methyl alcohol. A more detailed idea of the chemical composition of the Butlers was set forth 3 years later in the forecast “On the chemical structure of matter”, with substances obtained in the chemical department.
V 2010 The first president of Tatarstan, Mintimer Shaimiev, issued a decree on the creation of the Republican Fund for the Revival of Historical and Cultural Monuments. The specified one was published with the aim of reviving and developing the Bolgar Historical-Architectural-Historical Museum-Reserve, the State Architectural-Architectural and Art Museum “Island-city of Sviyazhsk” and other monuments of history and culture, substantiation in Tatarstan. The main tasks were to assist in the preservation, renewal, restoration of historical and cultural monuments, as well as cultural observations of history, archeology, architecture, urban planning, art, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology, social culture. The Renaissance Foundation also promotes cultural heritage sites and assists in strengthening the scientific, cultural, and intellectual rights of the republic.
February 17 2012 By order of Tatarstan, the largest Quran in the world was made in Italy. The size of the book was two by one and a half meters, weight – 800 kilograms. The cover of the Muslim shrine was made of malachite and inlaid with corals, turquoise, jasper, gold leaf and silver. All 632 pages of the unique edition are made from the discovery of Scotch paper. The Koran was made by order of the Renaissance Foundation of the Italian company Reverra LTD. The unique edition was included in the Guinness Book of Records, the Ministry of Culture of Russia recognized the book as a cultural fiber.
Opening of the New Hermitage, the fifth unsuccessful assassination attempt on Alexander II, the establishment of Gazprom
V 1852 The opening of the New Hermitage took place, one of five other buildings on the Palace Embankment in St. Petersburg, designed by the Bavarian architect Leo von Klenze. On this occasion, a performance was given in the Hermitage Theater, and then a festive dinner was arranged for 600 people. At the same time, the entire museum was opened for publication. By the same time, he had the richest collections of monuments of ancient Eastern, ancient Egyptian, ancient and medieval culture, art, happening in Eastern Europe, archaeological and artistic monuments of Asia, Russian culture of the VIII-XIX centuries. The Hermitage arose in 1764 as a private collection of the Empress of Russia Catherine II, after in Berlin she acquired a collection of 225 employers of Dutch and Flemish artists from the Berlin merchant I. Gotzkovsky. At first, most of the paintings were found in quiet and secluded residences, which received the French name “Hermitage” (place of solitude).
February 17 1880 the fifth unsuccessful attempt on Alexander II. The first attempt was in 1866 – the emperor, heading to his carriage at the gates of the Summer Garden, was shot by Dmitry Karakozov, a young nobleman. A year later, the Polish emigrant Anton Berezovsky also shot at the emperor and also missed, hitting a horse. The next two assassination attempts took place in 1879: in the spring of the peoples, Solovyov also shot Alexander II, and in the winter, on a large verst of the Moscow-Kursk railway, a combat group of peoples, mainly with Sofya Perovskaya, blew up a dynamite mine that had been previously planted in a tunnel. The train was damaged, in which, as the revolutionaries exaggerated, the emperor followed in St. Petersburg. None of the passengers were injured. In 1880, (5) February 17, at 18:30 in the basement hall of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Stepan Khalturin, a carpenter of the palace repair team, set off a 32-kilogram dynamite bomb. This was the fifth attempt on the life of Alexander II. The vaults of the basement collapsed from the explosion, the guard room was destroyed, as a result of which 10 soldiers died and 44 were injured. Contrary to the schedule, upon the arrival of the emperor, they dined with the family garden at 18:00, on this day there was a delay due to the arrival of the brother of the empress. However, in March 1881, Alexander II was mortally wounded on the embankment of the Catherine Canal in St. Petersburg by a bomb thrown among the Narodnaya Volya by Grinevitsky.
V 1993 The Russian Joint Stock Company Gazprom was established, which was renamed into an open joint stock company five years later. Today it is a large international company. its activities are exploration, production, transportation, storage, processing and sale of hydrocarbons, as well as the production and marketing of natural resources and main energy sources. “Economics” to reduce the consumption of gas reserves. It accounts for 11% of the world and 66% of Russian gas income. Gazprom maintains the world’s largest gas transportation system with a length of more than 170,000 kilometers.
Death of Giordano Bruno, VOA in English, beginning of the Sino-Vietnamese War
February 17 1600 years According to the verdict of the court of the Inquisition in Rome, Giordano Bruno, a Dominican monk, a representative of esotericism and hermetic occultism, was burned on the Campo di Fiore square. Studying the sciences, the writings of Nicolaus Copernicus, Giordano Bruno came to the conclusion that natural science ideas are erroneous. Jordan has spoken publicly in debates across Europe, the street church in ignorance. Upon his return to Italy in 1592, Bruno was arrested and imprisoned in austerity. The basis for the capture was not so much about the infinity of the Universe and the very multiplicity of inhabited worlds, but the very fact of ridiculing the foundations of faith. The eight-year imprisonment did not change the worldview of Giordano, the torture did not break his believers in the correctness of their judgments. Giordano Bruno preferred the bonfire to renounce his beliefs. Its consequences were the words: “To burn is not to refute.”
February 17 1947 The American radio station “Voice of America” began broadcasting in Russian. This was the main channel of information from the US to the socialist countries. Prior to the passage of the law in the 1970s, the Voice of America was officially a government radio station, and on this occasion was forced to act in accordance with the usual norms and rules of relations between sovereign states. Frankly gross interference in the turnover of other countries was contraindicated for him. As a result of the reorganization carried out in the mid-1970s, the Voice of America ceased to be an official institution from a formal legal point of view and was given the opportunity to operate more independently. The radio station devoted a lot of time to promoting the American way of life, popularizing the concept of the “free world”: freedom of movement, real freedom of speech and religion. In the USSR, the broadcast of the “Voice of America” was drowned out by the special services, but many managed to tune in to the forbidden wave. It was possible to freely listen to American radio in our country only with the beginning of perestroika. For example, in the mid-1980s, according to research, about thirty million Soviet listeners tuned into his wave every day.
February 17 1979 The day the Chinese People’s Liberation Army invaded Vietnam, starting the Sino-Vietnamese War. The armed conflict lasted only a month – until March 1979. One of the reasons for the Chinese conflict with Vietnam is the historical peculiarities of Beijing’s dangers regarding the creation of a pro-Soviet security belt that captures China from all sides – the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Vietnam. Under the Vietnamese exception, Laos. In Afghanistan, the pro-Soviet People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan also came to power. Despite its short duration, the war between China and Vietnam was very bloody. Chinese estimate PLA losses among 22 killed and wounded historians. About the same amount, again according to Chinese feelings, Vietnam lost. That is, in just a month of the conflict, from 30 thousand to 40 thousand people died. With the withdrawal of detachments in March 1979, the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts did not end. For a decade, both countries regularly engaged in minor armed clashes on the border. Relations between the two states relatively normalized only in the early 1990s, which was primarily due to a general change in world politics.
Margarita Golovatenko
SocietyHistory of Tatarstan