How a Russian conquistador erected a monument to himself during his lifetime // Nezavisimaya Gazeta
And where was Count Muravyov-Amursky actually born?
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East Siberian Governor Muraviev there were many opponents among the higher royal officials. Konstantin Makovsky. Portrait of Count Muravyov-Amursky. 1863 Irkutsk Regional Art museum to them. V.P. Sukacheva |
It is difficult to imagine modern Russia without Eastern Siberia and Primorye. With these territories, the country has grown thanks to perseverance and has the talent of one of the most prominent statesmen, not only belonging to Nicholas the First, but also of the entire 19th century – Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov.
With its significant consideration, under the Aigun and Beijing treaties with China, lands of 600 thousand square meters were bloodlessly annexed to Russia. km: this is almost twice the area of u200bu200bmodern Germany. In total, for 14 years in Eastern Siberia, Governor-General Muravyov, the territory of the country at the expense of Siberian and Far Eastern lands increased by more than 1 million square meters. km.
Following the Cossacks, cultivators, peasant settlers, were drawn to new rich and free lands due to their presence from land-poor villages in the European parts of the country. Soon on the site of guard posts on the banks of the Amur destination Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk and other cities and settlements. And Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov received the title of count and the double surname Muravyov-Amursky for the art of diplomacy.
“ALL LIES CALENDARS”
According to reports, everything about the outstanding English statesman and military figure, diplomat, governor-general and command of the troops of Eastern Siberia should be everything to the smallest detail. But it is assumed that many authors of historical and biographical essays, articles and books make unforgivable mistakes. This applies especially to the Petersburg period of the count’s life.
Thus, the author of one of the first studies of the Soviet period, M.G. Stein in his historical and biographical essay (N.N. Muravyov-Amursky (1809–1881). Khabarovsk, Dalgiz, 1946) writes: “Muravyov was born on August 11, 1809 in St. Shlisselburg tract. Here, at the end of the delivery, he moved – naval officer Nikolai Nazarovich (as in the text. – “NVO”) Muravyov.
The author can be forgiven for the statement that Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov spent his childhood in Pokrovsky, explaining this by the lack of information, the closeness of the archives in the post-war period. But, unfortunately, modern authors also sin with unforgivable mistakes.
For example, on the website of the Russian Geographical Society in the article “Father of the Great Siberian Way” we read: “Nikolai Muravyov comes from an old noble family, a direct descendant of Lieutenant Stepan Voinovich Muravyov, belonging to the Second Kamchatka Expedition of Vitus Bering. The future governor of Eastern Siberia was born on August 11, 1809 in the name of Pokrovsky near St. Petersburg.
supposed errors related to the birth and childhood of Muravyov, a lot can appear – from attaching articles on Wikipedia to fundamental local research dedicated to an outstanding statesman of Russia.
To restore the chronology, it is important to establish the exact date and place of Muravyov’s birth, to get acquainted with the chosen one of the family nest of a famous noble family, located on the left bank of the Neva near St. Petersburg. To do this, we turn to historical documents.
PLACE OF BIRTH
The father of the future Governor-General, a hereditary nobleman, collegiate assessor Nikolai Nazarievich Muravyov in 1803 moved to a position in the department of the Ministry of Public Education. He first took the position of senior clerk under the trustee of Moscow University Mikhail Muravyov, and from 1806 became the ruler of the office of the trustee.
At that time, he lived in the house of the merchant Alexei Desyatilnikov, III Admiralteyskaya part, No. 95 on Gorokhovaya Street. This is literally a 10-minute walk from the Ministry of Public Education, which was located on Zodchego Rossi Street at 1-3.
Recently, the house was delayed by the owners, the address of the building has changed. So, according to the numbering of 1820, the house is listed as No. 133 on Gorokhovaya Street. And in 1870 it was rebuilt, in official documents it says so – built in 1870. He also received a modern address: st. Gorokhovaya, 42.
In fact, the house was slightly remodeled. The changes affected mainly the upper floor of the building. In addition, there is documentary evidence. The plans and description of the house from 1828 have been preserved in the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg.
The future Count Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov-Amursky was born in this house. The metrical record of his birth is in the metrical book of the Assumption Spaso-Sennovsky Cathedral under serial number 270, where you can read: August 12, 1809, brother N.N. Muravyov Ivan and Ekaterina Nikolaevna Mordvinova.
The period of life in St. Petersburg was short-lived. In 1810, Nikolai Nazarievich Muravyov retired and settled in his Novgorod estate. Naturally, the whole family repeats after the chapter. But a year later, Muravyov was a Novgorod vice-governor, then a governor. In 1818 he was transferred to the post of secretary of state under the manager of his imperial majesty’s office. Under Nikolai Pavlovich, he headed the 1st department of the office (1826–1831), from 1826 he was a Privy Councilor. From 1827-1831 he was a senator.
In January 1832, Nikolai Nazarievich left this service and settled in prison two years before Prince Lobanov-Rostovtsev’s dacha Senikhov Ivanovka on the Shlisselburg road. Well-known St. Petersburg local historian Andreychev kindly Return to Europe materials opening this purchase. Soon the new landowner renamed this dacha into the village of Pokrovskoye. Renaming is implemented by multiple entries in registers of births and confession lists.
On February 23, 1839, Privy Councilor and Cavalier Nikolai Nazarievich Muravyova was revised with a petition to the Sovereign Emperor: “On the left bank of the Neva, on the 8th verst from St. Pokrovsky … “A copy of the bill of sale dated May 30, 1830 for” a dacha on the banks of the Neva River on the 8th verst from St. indicated according to the boundary plan of 98 dec. and 1272 sazhens. sq. and available on that land called Senikhov, Ivanovka, too.
WONDERS OF CHRONOLOGY
The estate on the banks of the Neva became the family nest of the Muravyovs. But at the same time, it is difficult to find confirmation that Nikolai Nikolayevich lived in a consumer house. And, of course, it didn’t work out that our hero “spent his childhood in the village of Pokrovsky – on the left bank of the Neva along the Shlisselburg tract”. And it sounds all the more absurd that “the future governor of Eastern Siberia was born on August 11, 1809 in honor of Pokrovsky near St. Petersburg.”
During the acquisition of the name of Pokrovsky by his parent, Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov was already finally with honors the Page Corps and began military service with the rank of ensign. In the remaining Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, he participates in the Russian-Turkish war, takes part in the suppression of the Polish uprising, lives in his father’s name in the Lithuanian-Vilna province, returns to military service as an adjutant in the number of orders to the commander of the Caucasian regiment …
It should be expected that this publication will not only recall the little-known pages of the life of the brilliant officer and figure Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov-Amursky, but also relieve illnesses and inaccuracies in his biography.
MONUMENTS MAN-MADE AND NON-MADE
Now for some facts. The East Siberian governor Muravyov had many opponents among the highest officials of the state. It is known that he turned out to be the owner of a Russian post at the mouth of the Amur. Alexander Chernyshev even reproached him: “You will simply erect a monument to yourself with Cupid!”
Currently, monuments have been erected to Khabarovsk, Vladyproizvodstvo, Blagoveshchensk, Chita and Nakhodka to a native of the ancient noble family of the Muravyovs. The bas-relief of Muravyov-Amursky is located on the pedestal of the monument to Alexander the Third in Irkutsk. Today, one might say, everyone knows Muravyov-Amursky by sight: on a banknote worth 5,000 rubles. image of the monument erected to him in Khabarovsk.
It is all the more annoying that in St. Petersburg, in the city where the future “master” of Eastern Siberia, a statesman who acted in anticipation of discovery, was born, no one bothered to perpetuate the memory of Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov-Amursky.