Prof. M. Wołos: Mikołajczyk considered the Katyn problem | happens.pl
The Polish delegation led by Prime Minister Mikołajczyk considered the possibility of Węglis’s “interpretation” of responsibility for the murder of Polish officers, says Prof. Mariusz Wołos, historian from the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Pedagogical University of KEN in Krakow.
Another volume of “Histupa of Polish-Soviet relations 1939-1945” has been published by the Center for Polish-Russian Dialogue and a new Doku. The publication includes, among others documents hitherto unknown to researchers. Sources of prof. by the team led by Mariusz Wogola, also, also or to grow, and then you do politics, as well as the history of change of politicians and their politicians. Among the documents is an unknown exchange a note was introduced to the government of Prime Minister Stanisław Mikołajczyk against the Katyn massacre.
Polish Press Agency: Why is publishing sources for the history of Polish-Soviet relations so important from the point of view of historians?
prof. Mariusz Wołos: We have a shortage of documents. A large part of the sources were published in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. They were left with the stigma of ideology and censorship, which prevented the publication of documents on blank spots. I am afraid that, after Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, the post-Soviet archives in the Russian Federation may be constantly updated for Poles. Soon, with the accounts of the accounts of the previous years, it was possible to use these archives of sources. The team that claims it seems to deliver the image master that corresponds, sort of filling the spots.
These queries were supplemented by research in Western archives, which are similar to the archives of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York or the Polish Institute and Museum. General Sikorski in London, to keep documents essential for the history of Polish-Soviet relations in the years 1918–1945. Our publication also includes those preserved in Ukrainian archives.
It seems that the white spots have been successfully implemented, although not contributing to the block, with balancing the number of Polish archives with those of the Soviet archives. There are more first ones. Some of the Soviet publications are equivalent to the sources completely unknown to historians. To this value added our series.
PAP: What were the conditions in the Russian archives? How do they differ from this work in the archives?
prof. Mariusz Wołos: To incomparable reality. In the Polish and Western archives you can access all our archival documents. Performs the ability to complete a task to complete a task. In Russia, they are archival items that allow them to be made available as research progresses. In the development of our new edition of keyboards, replacing the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in relation to the previous ones, which are governed by laws. Access is rationed, working conditions are terrible. It felt like going back to the 19th century. Cannot be set. You can order photocopies, but you can never be sure whether it will be made and issued. It happened that we rearranged the documents by hand, word for word. Some of the documents were made possible thanks to their on-line availability – but they are not key materials that would hide secrets.
The campaign also includes Polonica, i.e. Polish documents taken after World War II to the Soviet website as “trophy”. Has this science been prior to the method by circulation? They include military attachés in Polish accounts, including figures. Tadeusz Kobylański or Lt. Jan Kowalewski.
So far, the marketplace that the Polish government in exile never has the Hungarian Soviet version of events. Quite a laconic record shows that, however, he is planning such a possibility. My certificate for Mikołajczyk. One can say that he is a realist, but it was realism that happens beyond the Polish raison d’état and agrees with the memory of the victims of the Katyn massacre.
PAP: Among the covers of documents, he is asked for another list, drawn up during the Warsaw Uprising, of Prime Minister Mikołajczyk’s visits in the eight months following the Burdenka agreements. What do the ten documents contain, and why might they be astonishing to historians?
prof. Mariusz Wołos: It is astonishing as it is a testative opinion among the Polish hierarchy under the leadership of Prime Minister Stanisław Mikołajczyk of the Węgowski’s possible interpretation of the “responsibility for the murder of Polish officers.” So far, the marketplace that the Polish government in exile never has the Hungarian Soviet version of events. Quite a laconic record shows that, however, he is planning such a possibility. My certificate for Mikołajczyk. One can say that he is a realist, but it was realism that happens beyond the Polish raison d’état and agrees with the memory of the victims of the Katyn massacre.
However, the date of creation should be taken into account. I interpret them in the context of the proverbial grasping of the razor. The document was written on August 3, 1944. He was written on the order of his superiors, to be the boss of Józef Zarański, then the head of the secretariat of Prime Minister Mikołajczyk, a few hours before the meeting with Józef Stalin. The Polish delegation met with the Soviet dictator that day at 21.30 and the talks lasted until midnight. The note tells you what to talk about and how to talk if the topic comes up. The Katyn massacre, and thus you need a side to it, constantly on the Polish side. They testify that historians know the reports of the meetings.
The main topic in the Kremlin was the future shape of the Polish eastern border. The Polish delegation did not want to insist on keeping the Riga border, but made efforts to leave Vilnius, especially Lviv, in Poland. Conversation took place around these two cities. Stalin firmly argued that he must respect the will of the Lithuanian and Ukrainian peoples. He said that over a million Ukrainians were fighting in the ranks of the Army, and Pola in exchange for Lwów, Red German cities. By the way, he confused Wrocław with Borysław. The Polish side is a song that forced to make concessions, and a document will probably be created in this context. The goal of this game has also become a follow-up to ad hoc u such as ul. Let us remember that the Soviet side did not want to compromise on citizenship, especially of Ukrainians, Belarusians and Jews. The so-called passporting, also of Poles from Krey. The security was therefore very high, and the members of the Polish delegation realized that the fate of their countrymen depended on the rule of allegiance to the Soviet dictator.
We should also remember about the correction of the previous action “Tempest” in relation to the Soviets to the soldiers of the Home Army. Prime Minister Mikołajczyk even asked the Soviet dictator to treat Polish soldiers “decently”. Stalin replied that they were irresponsible people and that they had the authority to stand “with arms at their feet”. Thus, the discussion in the Kremlin was focused on fundamental issues. Without a challenge, Mikołajczyk has the problem of making concessions in the Katyn art and will be able to create it without his consent. It does not change in any way that these “working notes” may still arouse the interest of sensation even today. In my author, the pronunciation is rather shocking in my opinion.
PAP: What would be the consequences of the “compromise” with Stalin on the Katyn issue for Polish emigration after 1945?
prof. Mariusz Wołos: In such a case, that Mikołajczyk was ever, whenever and so many adopted such an attitude towards him. Go ahead for the government before its trip to Moscow and after entering the state of the mass storage of the persisted version. Mikołajczyk knew that the game was about huge territories, hexadecimals in the Soviet Union, the fate of the Home Army soldiers who had started the Warsaw Uprising just a few dozen hours before the meeting in the Kremlin. This unfortunate note appears in the background of these dramas (PAP).
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Interviewer: Michał Szukałaś
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