Overtime work has become normal for 40% of Russian workers
Another stratification persists in the economy – not only in terms of income, but also in terms of time spent
The labor market fixes the calculation of employment by the duration of the working week. As shown by a survey conducted specifically for “NG” Analytical individual NAFI, about 40% of the surveyed Russian workers work at their main place more than 40 hours per week. In every fourth case, work in excess of the norm is not compensated by employers. The main reasons are the unpredictability of the tasks that arrive during the day, the demands of the authorities that are obviously impossible to fulfill during the day. But there are also those who work part-time or not every day: about one in five. Answers to the questions of processing, steel and shortcomings in various areas, including problems in the economy.
In recent years, there have been several shifts in the economic situation in the country, which have provided employers with a wide range of employment services. Often, the Russians themselves were ready to spend more time at work, for fear of losing their place in the conditions of general turbulence. All this is being processed, comes to the exit of the specialists of the NAFI Analytical Center in studies conducted specifically for NG.
The all-Russian survey involved 1,000 employed citizens over 18 years of age engaged in entrepreneurial activities (they are not private entrepreneurs, company owners, self-employed). The study showed that more than 80% of employees now work full-time: in the office, in production. The hybrid format, when it is possible to work part of the days exactly, and part remotely, is typical only for 8% of respondents. about 7% still work completely remotely.
The largest proportion of infected people who work remotely was among Russians aged 18–24. The hybrid employment format is most typical for qualified employees, Russians with higher education, employees of corporate organizations.
During the survey, the amount of time that Russian workers actually spend on work at their main place during the day and/or week (with an exceptional lunch break) has increased. So, 42% of the surveyed workers work 8 hours a day, have a wide work schedule.
But there are many such employees who work more than 8 hours a day – this is 40% of employed Russians, according to a survey. Almost two-thirds of overworking Russians stay at work for no more than 2 hours in excess of what is scheduled for their official working day. Three hours extra were reported by 13%, overworkers, four hours by 7%, and five or more hours by 15%. Although with this part – approximately 17% of all surveyed workers – work, on the contrary, less than 8 hours a day.
How many hours do Russians actually have in a total workweek? According to NAFI, 11% of respondents found it difficult to calculate the number of working hours per week. Those 32% stated that their working week lasts at the rate of 40 hours.
But the proportion of those who, according to their frequency, work in their place for more than 40 hours a week, outweighed: this is 38% of the respondents. Of these, slightly more than half work from 41 to 50 hours a week, slightly less than half save 50 hours. And about one in five does not pull up to 40 hours a week: basically we are talking about the duration from 21 to 39 hours.
As Maria Ignatova, head of hh.ru’s research service, told NG, the actual length of the working week with regular overtime of 1-2 hours can be 45-50 hours, although by law it should not exceed 40 hours with a five-day work week. Judging by the hh.ru data, top managers and their subordinates, representatives of both creative professions and professions, talk to employees about overtime. Conditions are just different for everyone.
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Answers to the question: “What do you see as the reason for your overtime?” As a percentage of those who reported that they recycle in their place. Source: NAFI Analytical Center |
In particular, according to a survey by the NAFI Analytical Center, 47% of Russians who have been overworking for the past six months noted that this is their special activity: “It is quite difficult to plan a daily work plan, new tasks constantly arise.” This is the most common answer.
The second in the number of answers, with 21% of the votes: “The employer requires more than can be done within the working day.” Although there are enthusiasts. So, 16% of processors said that they are interested in working, they love their job, so they stay late. Another 7% admitted that their colleagues work hard and are forced to collect their loads. And by the way, 2% of surveyed workers who overwork admit that everyone explains their own inefficiency during the day.
The situation with processing has an important negative aspect. According to the survey, in every quarter of the case, work above the norm is not compensated in any way by employers. Although, as Ludmila Spiridonova, executive director of the NAFI Analytical Center, clarified to NG, at the same time, the vast majority of those who had overtime spoke about effective methods of application: primarily material (bonuses, additional payments), as well as intangible ones (time off, flexible schedule, vacation days).
“This shows the willingness of many employers to work on the win-win principle, when both sides get pluses,” Spiridonova continued. But, according to an established expert, in any case, no employer should forget that a good rest is a guarantee not only of achieving a working day, but also of life balance.
However, the reasons and shortcomings are no less interesting. Among those who work less than 8 hours every day, 46% use their personal choice, and 40% report that such an implementation schedule at the employer’s decision follows from NAFI data.
Analysis of the analysis of the situation on the Russian labor market, Tatyana Baskina, Deputy Director General for Work with the Professional Community of ANCOR, told NG that the nature of processing for a number of employees of specific beneficiaries of the economic (and not only) situation: e-commerce, IT, pharmaceuticals, engineering, agriculture, financial services sector and other industries.
There are other factors involved as well. “Let’s say, depending on the need for personnel, but also because of the outflow of employees abroad,” says Baskina. “This is also found directly or indirectly in the processing of the remaining employees.”
And the shortcomings, according to the expert, are characteristic of certain most serious problems in the existing conditions: according to experts, these are the auto and aviation industries, the extraction and processing of natural resources, construction and real estate. Depending on the specific situation, the company may involve employees, reduce the number of working hours, and attract more temporary staff.
“As part of back-office functions, many projects were frozen during the pandemic and the events of 2022 or their activity increased significantly,” added Anastasia Kudryashova, consultant in the Human Resources department at Get Experts recruiting company. “In such conditions, the working week can be about 30-35 hours.” Due to worsening career prospects, this became an excuse for employees to look for a new job, follows from the commentary.
Speaking about financial incentives and consumption measures, Baskina clarified that growth and shortfalls are directly related to the income, first of all, of all those employees, the remuneration for which includes an increase in the share of consumed parts: bonuses, bonuses based on the results of the implementation of plans and projects.
By the way, with the stratification of the labor market in terms of time and costs, Russia fits into the global processing. As the International Labor Organization (ILO) reported earlier this year, parts of the wider global workforce are falling short of the 40-hour workweek norm.
Thus, over a third of all workers in the world (35%) work more than 48 hours a week, while a fifth of the world’s workforce works less than 35 hours a week. In Asia, the share of processors is higher – almost 47%. And the lowest figure is in Europe (11%). During the course, the highest proportion of those who work less than 35 hours a week: almost 38%.
According to the ILO, it is the informal economy that provides a perfect illustration of the uneven distribution of hours of work: “Workers in the informal economy are more likely to work both overtime and shorter hours than workers in the formal economy.”